Molecular Geometry Polarity San Diego Mesa 分子几何与极性迭戈梅萨.pptVIP

Molecular Geometry Polarity Symmetric versus Asymmetric Molecular Substances (discrete units) Molecular Polarity Nonpolar does not dissolve Polar Polar physically dissolves in Polar The highlighted area is an example of hydrogen bonding “Like dissolves Like” “Like dissolves Like” Predict whether the substance is Polar or Nonpolar * A. Substance structure will influence physical properties ? Lewis dot structure for molecules ? Molecular Polarity (polar versus nonpolar) A. Be able to draw Lewis dot structures B. molecules have ideal or non-ideal geometry C.electronegativity differences determines bond polarity D. Overall Molecular Geometry determines molecular polarity These ideas are described on the next two slides variable polarity ammonia gas water polar non-polar polar Symmetrical arrangement of polar bonds bond polarities cancel Asymmetrical arrangement of polar bonds bond polarities don’t cancel These Molecules Have a Net Dipole NO Net Dipole Bond Dipoles Cancel ideal non-ideal non-ideal Molecular Geometry and Bond Polarity Ideal geometries show have variable polarity Non-ideal geometries are generally polar variable polarity ammonia gas water polar ideal non-polar polar BUT, these ideal geometries here are polar These Molecules Have a Net Dipole NO Net Dipole Bond Dipoles Cancel These Molecules Have a Net Dipole Draw in bond dipole for each bond Determining the polar nature of molecular substances Evaluating Substance Structure Physical Observations - Common Sense Approach Solubility (solute/solvent interactions) to gauge molecular polarity “Like will dissolve Like” Polar solutes will have highest solubility in polar solvents Nonpolar solutes will have highest solubility in nonpolar solvents Polar solutes will have lowest solubility in nonpolar solvents Nonpolar solutes will have lowest solubility in polar solvents Sugar dissolves in water Thus sugar molecules must be polar Methanol CH3OH dissolves in water Thus methanol molecules mu