Monterey Bay A Jewel in our own Backyard蒙特雷湾一颗宝石在我们自己的后院.pptVIP

Monterey Bay: A Jewel in Our Own Backyard ENGR 100w Spring 2009 Where is Monterey Bay Why is Monterey Bay Unique Monterey submarine canyon is one of the largest underwater canyons in the world Deepest part 3,600 m below the surface ( 2 miles) Shelf ~1 mile below surface (about depth of Grand Canyon) Habitat for many types of marine life Marine Life Nation’s largest kelp forest 33 species of marine mammals Monterey Bay Habitats Kelp forest Harbor seal, sea otter, rockfish and other fish, octopus, sea stars, snails, cormorants Sandy beaches Shrimp, sand crabs, birds, topsmelt Coastal dunes Salt grass, geese and other birds Rocky intertidal Tide pools: snails, crabs, sea stars, anemones, chitons, limpids, mussels, etc. Deep ocean Tuna, whales, shark, sea turtle, elephant seal, jellies, sea cucumber, lobster Historical Context Site of John Steinbeck’s Cannery Row Sardines were abundant in the early part of 1900s Largest fishery in Western hemisphere 726,000 tons of sardines during the peak season of 1936 19 canneries in Monterey 1940s – sardines disappeared – became like a ghost town Sardines are returning – seems to be a natural cycle 50,000 tons of sardines in 2004 Monterey Bay Marine Sanctuary Federally protected marine area Designated in 1992 13,730 square kilometers (5360 square miles) Larger than Yellowstone or Yosemite National Park Purpose of Marine Sanctuary Protect resources marine life, kelp forest, beaches, etc. Preserve cultural landmarks shipwrecks, prehistoric archeological sites, etc. Research monitor health of marine species changes in habitats seafloor mapping Education Public use Marine Sanctuary Management No oil drilling No dumping Fishing regulated Wastewater regulated Current Issues in Monterey Bay Agricultural runoff pesticides, sediment, chemicals such as nitrogen phosphorous, bacteria Urban runoff (storm water) oil, grease, pesticides, herbicides, soil, pet droppings, etc. Kelp harvesting Desalination CO2 absorption ? low oxygen d