Nikolai Lobachevsky17921856 Purdue University罗巴切夫斯基17921856普渡大学.pptVIP

Nikolai Lobachevsky (1792-1856) Born: 1 Dec 1792 in Nizhny Novgorod, RussiaDied: 24 Feb 1856 in Kazan, Russia Went to school and studied in Kazan under Martin Bartels (1769 - 1833), who was a friend of Gauss. 1811 Masters Degree in physics and mathematics. 1814 he was appointed to a lectureship 1816 he became an extraordinary professor. 1822 he was appointed as a full professor 1820 -1825 dean of the Math. and Physics Department 1827 he became rector of Kazan University Nikolai Lobachevsky (1792-1856) Accepting the possibility of HAA Lobachevsky redefines parallels in the following way: 16. All straight lines which in a plane go out from a point can, with reference to a given straight line in the same plane, be divided into two classes - into cutting and non-cutting. The boundary lines of the one and the other class of those lines will be called parallel to the given line. Nikolai Lobachevsky (1792-1856) Nikolai Lobachevsky (1792-1856) Depending on the angle HAD which is called ?(p) there are two possibilities. Either ?(p)=π/2 and there is only one parallel to CB through A, or ?(p)π/2 there are exactly two Lobachevsky parallels. This means that there are infinitely many lines through A which do not intersect CB. Nikolai Lobachevsky (1792-1856) In the case that there are two parallels there are also two sides of parallelism. Nikolai Lobachevsky (1792-1856) Lobachevsky needs to prove the following. His definition of parallelism uses the point A, he has to show that in fact parallelism is a symmetric property of two lines 17. A straight line maintains the characteristic of parallelism at all its points. 18. Two lines are always mutually parallel. Nikolai Lobachevsky (1792-1856) He shows that HOA is not possible with the first four of Euclid’s axioms (which he made more precise e.g. #3). 19. In a rectilineal triangle the sum of the three angles can not be greater than two right angles. Nikolai Lobachevsky (1792-1856) He also shows