Occupational Segregation and Discrimination in Western Europe西欧职业隔离与歧视.pptVIP

Occupational Gender Segregation and Discrimination in Western Europe EPUNet 2006, Barcelona, Spain8 May 2006 Yekaterina Chzhen Centre for Research in Social Policy Overview Introduction The problem of occupational gender segregation Horizontal segregation Vertical segregation Segregation vs. Concentration Overview of existing research Contribution of present study Theoretical background Theories of occupational gender segregation Human capital theories Gender (feminist) theories Gender segregation regimes theory Formally egalitarian (e.g. UK) Substantively egalitarian (e.g. Denmark) Traditional family-centred (e.g. Germany) Research objectives Determine the levels of occupational segregation in three countries H1: highest in Denmark, lowest in the UK Compare the effects of observed worker characteristics on occupational attainment of men and women H2: presence of children12 in household has largest effect in Germany Contrast the actual occupational distributions of men and women with the hypothetical ‘discrimination-free’ distributions Compare the levels of ‘discrimination’ across occupations and countries H3: highest in Germany Methodology Data and variables ECHP, 8th Wave (2001) Unit of analysis: individual (17+) in paid employment 30+ hrs/wk Dependent variable: ISCO major groups Methods Indices of dissimilarity Multinomial logistic regression ‘Oaxaca-Blinder’ decomposition Methodology (cont.) Index of Dissimilarity (ID) Standardised IDs Where J number of occupational categories Fj number of women in occupation j Mj number of men in occupation j Tj number of workers in occupation j F and M total of women and men Methodology (cont.) ‘Sex ratio’ index Where J number of occupational categories Fj number of women in occupation j Mj number of men in occupation j Methodology (cont.) Multinomial logistic regression Where i = 1, … n (individual) J = 1, … J (occupation) Xi = vector of explanatory variables Bi = vector of parameters to be