Organic Chemistry HRSBSTAFF Home Page有机化学hrsbstaff主页.pptVIP

Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Chemical compounds fall into one of two categories: Organic compounds Inorganic compounds Organic compounds can be found naturally or they can be synthesized, but they all contain C and a few other elements. There are far more organic compounds than inorganic compounds. Organic Compounds fuels carbohydrates, fats, proteins vitamins penicillin, sulfa drugs plastics cotton, silk, wool rubber DNA ibuprofen, aspirin, morphine Properties of Organic Compounds usually molecular (contain non-metals bonded with covalent bonds) low melting points nonpolar (insoluble, or only slightly soluble, in water) very stable (not reactive) Carbon Carbon forms 4 covalent bonds, i.e., it will share electrons with 4 other elements. Prefixes are used in the name to indicate how many carbons are in the compound. Carbon Prefixes Memory Aid Many Equestrian People Buy Pretty Handsome Horses Of Noble Descent. Naming Alkanes Alkanes Alkanes are hydrocarbons (consisting of only C and H) that only contain single bonds. Start with the Prefix that matches the number of carbons Alkanes have the ending –ane in their name. CH4 Draw the structural formula C2H6 Draw the structural formula C3H8 Structural formula: C4H10 There are two possible structural formulas: OR Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula, but different structural formulas. Isomers usually have different chemical and physical properties as well. We must have some way of specifying which form of butane we are talking about. Normal Alkanes Alkanes that have a continuous chain of carbons are called normal alkanes. The first isomer of butane is a normal alkane and is sometimes referred to as n-butane. Branched Alkanes The second isomer has a branch off the second carbon. These branches are referred to as alkyl groups. The name of the alkyl group is determined by the prefix according to the number of carbons and the ending “-yl” The branch in this case would be called methyl Rules for Na