Osteomalacia Start Here骨软化从这里开始. Get There..pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ? * * Osteoporosis Metabolic Bone Disease Osteoporosis Characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration Normal homeostatic bone remodeling is altered – the rate of bone resorption is greater than the rate of bone formation. Osteoporosis Chronic, progressive metabolic bone disease characterized by Porous bone ___ ____ ____ Structural deterioration of bone tissue Increased bone fragility Osteoporosis Eight times more common in women than men for several reasons Lower calcium intake than men Less bone mass because of smaller frame Bone resorption begins earlier and accelerates after menopause Pregnancy and breastfeeding deplete woman’s skeletal reserve of calcium Longevity increases likelihood of osteoporosis; women live longer than men Etiology Risk factors (non-modifiable) Female gender Increasing age Family history White or Asian ethnicity Small stature Early menopause Etiology Risk factors (cont’d) Excess alcohol intake Cigarette smoking Anorexia Oophorectomy Sedentary lifestyle Insufficient calcium intake Low testosterone levels (hypogonadism in men) Etiology and Pathophysiology Peak bone mass is achieved before age 20 Bone loss after midlife is inevitable but rate of loss is variable Bone resorption exceeds bone deposition Bones become weakened and prone to fracture, loss of height, and kyphosis. Etiology and Pathophysiology Diseases associated with osteoporosis Intestinal malabsorption Kidney disease Rheumatoid arthritis Hyperthyroidism Chronic alcoholism Cirrhosis of the liver Hypergonadism Diabetes mellitus OsteoporosisDiagnostic Studies Clinical Manifestations Known as silent disease Diagnosis Bone Mineral Density (BMD) Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) History and physical Quantitative ultrasound Osteoporosis Can the disease be prevented? Treatment and Nursing Care Diet Therapy Weight bearing Exercises Decrease Risk Factors Quit smoking and decrease consumption