Overview Of Joint Movements University of Delaware联合运动概述德拉瓦大学.pptVIP

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Overview Of Joint Movements University of Delaware联合运动概述德拉瓦大学.ppt

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Overview Of Joint Movements University of Delaware联合运动概述德拉瓦大学

Overview Of Joint Movements Joints Are Articulations One bone articulating with another Not all joints are created equally Three major categories Fibrous, Cartilaginous, and Synovial examples Fibrous Joints Examples are synarthroses or joints that do not move United by dense, fibrous connective tissue E.g., sutures of the skull Cartilaginous Joints Amphiarthroses, joints that move slightly Characterized by no joint capsule Held together by cartilage Generally contain a fibrocartilaginous disc Motion limited E.G., intervertebral discs Pubic symphysis Synovial Joints Freely Moveable Motion dictated by the shape of the bones in the joint and by supporting soft tissue, e.g., muscle attachments and joint capsules (ligaments) Movements are described traditionally by the actual direction the bones move, called Osteokinematic Motion and the axis about which they move Fibrous Joints Cartilaginous Joints Synovial Joint Synovial Joints Synovial Joints Anatomical Position Planes Synovial Joints Synovial Joints Synovial Joints Synovial Joints Flexion/Extension = movement in the sagittal plane about a frontal axis Abduction/Adduction = movement in the frontal plane about a sagittal (A-P) axis Internal/External Rotation = movement in the transverse plane about a longitudinal axis Out of True Plane Movements Movements Movement Directional Terms Directional Terms Synovial Joints Joints that move in one plane are called uniaxial and are said to allow one degree of freedom – i.e., IP joints of fingers, humero-ulnar Two plane joints are biaxial with two degrees of freedom – i.e., MP joint in hand Three plane joints are multiaxial with three degrees of freedom – i.e, glenohumeral joint Types of Synovial Joints Hinge – uniaxial – 1 degree of freedom – IP Condyloid/ellipsoid – 2 DOF – MP, Radiocarpal Ball in socket – 3 DOF – glenohumeral, hip Gliding or plane – small, 3 DOF – limited ROM but in all directions – a-c joint, intercarpals, facet joints of spine Saddle – rare, 3 DOF – carpo