Overview of Nitrogen Mass Balances in Agricultural 农业中氮的质量平衡概述.pptVIP

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Overview of Nitrogen Mass Balances in Agricultural 农业中氮的质量平衡概述.ppt

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Overview of Nitrogen Mass Balances in Agricultural 农业中氮的质量平衡概述

Modeled January to June Total P From Jacobson et al. (2011) Illinois P budgetthrough 2012 P from fields to rivers – Embarras River From Gentry et al. (2007) Particulate P from fields to rivers From Gentry et al. (2007) Importance of a Few Storm Events From Royer et al. (2006) Fate of N limited in-stream losses of nitrate during high flow periods Lake Shelbyville Saylorville Reservoir retention times too short spring nitrate, headed to Gulf Fate of P some sediment removal problem of sediment already in streams/rivers stream bank, bed erosion algal biomass can move downstream no way to easily get out of system (like nitrate) Source: Clay Soil and Water Conservation District, Minnesota What we know about nutrient sources Upper Mississippi and Ohio subbasins are the major source of nitrate and total P even more so in critical spring period the tile drained cornbelt is clearly identified mass balance of P has greatly decreased, but not N What can we do in agriculture? given, it is not typically over fertilization based on current rates and yields may be zero or negative N P balances in some areas of the tile drained Midwest three types of conservation practices could help nutrient-use efficiency in-field management off-site measures Potential Efficiencies -SAB report Perennial biofuels quickly reduce nitrate loss From Smith et al. (2013) Point sources in MRB? sewage effluent and industrial (22% of annual N and 34% of P) however, only 14% (N) and 20% (P) of spring load not going to solve problem, but could help for P A few myths no-till solves all problems a few (bad) actors are the problem over application of N (or P) is most of the problem just targeting a few fields will solve most of the problem edge of field denitrification can solve the problem the response will take a long time (decades?) What’s making it difficult more corn (and fertilizer) more intensive tile drainage warmer winters more intense winter/spring precipitation fall N in Illinois, Indiana, Oh