OxidationReduction Processes in GroundWater 地下水氧化还原过程.pptVIP

Oxidation-Reduction Processes in Ground-Water Systems Chapelle Groundwater Microbiology and Geochemistry Chapter REDOX If Dr. Alpers has taught me anything, its... REDOX If Dr. Alpers has taught me anything, its... 3+ 2+ Non Equilibrium of Groundwater Various Redox Couples 2 ways to figure out Redox Nerst Equation Thermodynamic Problem: including a known free ENERGY Kinetic Approach Measure electrical potential: another form of ENERGY transfer e creates energy - elec. current generated =amperage - Fig 10.4 The lack of internal consistency between Ehs calculated with different redox couples as observed by Lindberg and Runnels (1984) Microbial Influence Microorganisms use electron transfer to maintain life functions respiration, activity, and growth create electro kinetic conditions Describing Kinetic Redox Processes Include three components: document source of e that supports microbial metabolism document sink for the e that supports microbial metabolism document rates of e transfer Microbes are the catalyst for most reactions - - - Why this difference with microbes present ? Identifying Electron Donors An Example: Long, Long ago scientist were confused. Ocean had low magnesium and nodules with high concentrations of other metals Submarine Alvin found gushing hot springs at spreading centers Water rich in Fe, Mn, H2S mixes with O2 rich Sea Water Ground Water Carbon is abundant but it is important to figure out the species DCE-common contaminant can be Electron Donor Sink (acceptor) Source (donor) Identifying Electron Acceptors Acceptors in Microbial Metabolism Oxygen, Nitrate, Mn(IV), Fe(III), Sulfate, CO2 BUT Carbon is the most abundant Microbial Ecology and Competition H2 is most widely used for anaerobic respiration Steady State Conditions will follow this order Methanogens Sulfate reducers Fe(III) reducers Nitrate reducers Michaelis-Menton Kinetics Free Energy from Hydrogen Oxidation Processes Dictates the Steady State Concentrat