Papaya Ringspot Virus Rutgers University番木瓜环斑病毒罗格斯大学.pptVIP

Papaya Ringspot Disease Kate Stokes and Andrew Tortora Cause Papaya ringspot virus-type P Occurs as 2 strains Type P infects both papaya and cucurbits such as squash, pumpkin, cucumber, and watermelon Type W infects watermelon only General Characteristics Member of potyvirus family Long, flexous rod-shaped particles about 800-900 nm in length Non-enveloped filamentous virions Single-stranded linear RNA genome 12 kb total, encapsulated by a coat protein 5’ terminus of RNA has VPg Symptoms Yellowing and vein-clearing on young leaves Yellow mottling of the leaves, severe blistering and leaf distortion Dark-green streaks and rings in the leafstalks and stems Concentric rings and spots or C-shaped markings, a darker green than the background-green fruit color Can affect vigor of fruit and trees and fruit quality Distribution Occurs in nearly every region where papaya is grown except for Africa, including Hawaii, Taiwan, Brazil, Thailand, the Caribbean islands and the Philippines. Particularly severe in Thailand, Taiwan, the Philippines, and the southern region China Spread Carried from plant to plant by aphids during feeding probes Not spread by other insects and does not survive in soil or dead plant material Also spread by movement of infected papaya plants and cucurbit seedlings Not usually seed-transmitted but there is one case from the Philippines History Brazil 1969 PRSV-p found in two main growing regions, Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro By 1984 73% of the industry had moved to remote regions to evade the virus History Hawaii Severely affected the papaya industry in the 1950s. Subsequently, the papaya industry was relocated to Puna district. In May 1992, PRSV was discovered in Puna, the area where 95% of Hawaii’s papaya was being grown, and was widespread throughout the growing region by 1995. Production steadily dropped from 53 million pounds in 1992 to 26 million pounds in 1998. Control Quarantine measures Restricted distribution Removal of