Paper 1 Physical Geography论文1自然地理.pptVIP

Rocks, Resources and Scenery Types of rock Geological Time Geological time is on a different scale from human time. Chalk was formed during the Cretaceous period Clay was formed during the Mesozoic - Jurassic, Cretaceous and Tertiary periods Granite was formed about 280 million years ago in the Permian period of the Late Palaeozoic era. Carboniferous Limestone was formed 340 million years ago during the Carboniferous period of the Late Palaeozoic era Rock Classification and Cycle Rocks belong to one of three groups. Weathering Rocks are susceptible to weathering. The type of weathering that is most effective is determined by the composition of the rock and the climate. Different rocks create contrasting landforms and landscapes - granite Different rocks create contrasting landforms and landscapes – chalk and clay Different rocks create contrasting landforms and landscapes – limestone Resources, land and scenery Chalk Aquifers Opportunities for tourism and costs and benefits of this Quarrying Impact of quarrying * Simplified diagram Rocks, Resources and Scenery Igneous rocks e,g. granite. An intrusive igneous rock is formed by the cooling of magma deep underground. Sedimentary rocks e.g. limestone, chalk and clay. Limestone (an organic rock) is precipitated from solutions and is formed by the accumulation of calcium carbonate in warm tropical seas. Clay (an inorganic rock) is formed by the compaction cementation of sediments under the sea. Metamorphic rocks are formed by heat underground. They change from one type of rock into another. Granite in the Southwest Limestone in Yorkshire Chalk and clay in the south east The rock cycle shows that all rocks are weathered and eroded and are washed into the sea where they form new rocks Rocks, Resources and Scenery Mechanical weathering – freeze thaw weathering and exfoliation. Chemical weathering – solution and carbonation. Biological weathering. Exfoliation – the outer layers of the rock break off Freeze-thaw