PC Clusters for Lattice QCDPC集群的晶格QCD。.pptVIP

PC Clusters for Lattice QCD Don Holmgren djholm@ Fermilab Consortial International Workshop on Computational Physics 2004, NCHC, Taiwan December 2, 2004 Outline Introduction to lattice QCD The US program SciDAC software and hardware Post-SciDAC plans Cluster requirements Predictions Introduction to Lattice QCD Lattice QCD is the numerical simulation of QCD The QCD action, which expresses the strong interaction between quarks mediated by gluons:where the Dirac operator (“dslash”) is given by Lattice QCD uses discretized space and time A very simple discretized form of the Dirac operator iswhere a is the lattice spacing Other forms (e.g., higher order in a) lead to alternate discrete quark actions A quark, ?(x), depends upon ?(x + a?) and the local gluon fields U? ?(x) is complex 3x1 vector, and the U? are complex 3x3 matrices. Interactions are computed via matrix algebra On a supercomputer, the space-time lattice is distributed across all of the nodes Sparse matrix techniques, such as conjugate gradient, are used to invert the Dirac operator MILC (MIMD Lattice Computation) is one of many lattice QCD codes:/~sg/milc.html MILC runs on many types of platforms most common form now uses MPI to run on clusters used for performance measurements in this talk Lattice codes on parallel machines require: strong floating point high memory bandwidth excellent network latency and bandwidth Physics programs require terascale facilities major programs of study need 1 to 10 TFlop-years The US Program in Lattice QCD Dept. of Energy SciDAC (Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing) Program (2001-2005): Original proposal submitted by most of the US lattice theorists (66, including machine builders) Hardware sites: Brookhaven National Laboratory (QCDOC) Hardware funded separately Jefferson Lab, Fermilab (clusters) Prototype clusters: Myrinet, gigE mesh, Infiniband Goals: Implement software infrastructure which allows implementation of physics codes which will run on