Percentage Yield Wikispaces收益率 wiki空间.pptVIP

Percentage Yield of a Chemical Reaction Let’s look at yourlast Chemistry Test You scored 32/40. What’s your % grade? (32/40) * 100% = 80% What is the “theoretical” grade on this test? (theoretical = highest possible grade) 40 What was your “actual” grade? 32 What has this to do with Chemistry? Theoretical yield of a chemical reaction is predicted by stoichiometry. The amount of product obtained by the chemist is the actual yield. Actual yields are often less than theoretical yields due to competing (side) reactions loss of product due to poor lab technique chemical equilibrium (See y’all next year!) impure reactants Actual yields can also be greater than theoretical yields due to an impure or contaminated product a solid product that hasn’t been sufficiently dried Calculating Percentage Yield % yield = actual yield * 100% theoretical yield Use same units for actual yield as for the theoretical yield. ie. grams/grams; mol/mol, etc Sample Problem 1 Determine the % yield when 1.7 g of NH3 are produced from the reaction of 7.5 g N2 with sufficient H2, according to: N2(g) + 3 H2(g) ? 2 NH3(g) Steps to solve this problem: Determine theoretical yield using stoich. in units of grams. 2. Calculate % yield. Theoretical yield is 1 mol N2(g) : 2 NH3(g) 7.5 g ↓(/28.0 g/mol) 0.27 mol??(x 2/1)? 0.54 mol ↓x 17.0 g/mol 9.1 g NH3 is the theoretical yield % = (actual/theoretical) * 100% = (1.7g/9.1g) * 100% = 19% (to two sf) Does this answer make sense? Sample Problem 2 Calcium carbonate, CaCO3, thermally decomposes to produce CaO and CO2 according to CaCO3(s) ? CaO(s) + CO2(g) If the reaction proceeds with a 92.5% yield, what volume, at SATP, of CO2 can be expected if 12.4 g CaCO3 is heated? 1 mol CaCO3(s) : 1 mol CO2(g) 12.4 g ↓/ 100.1 g.mol 0.123 mol??(x 1/1)??0.123 mol ↓ x 24.0 L/mol 2.97 L theoretical ↓ x 0.925 yield 2.75 L actual yield at SATP p 262 PP 31 – 33 p 264