Pervasive Developmental Disorders and 普遍存在的发展障碍和.pptVIP

PSYC4080 6.0D Developmental Disorders Developmental Disorders Autism, Asperger’s, Intellectual Disabilities Pervasive Developmental Disorders: Autism and Asperger’s Syndrome Autism Onset before age 3. It is not a congenital disorder. Large reductions in intellectual ability 70% have an IQ less than 75 (low). Can learn some language, but have particularly poor social skills Life of solitude Stereotyped, ritualized behaviours · Occasional “splinter” skills – areas of great strength in comparison to intellect. Autism Prevalence Rare, 2-5:10 000 persons (APA, 1994) Occurs more frequently in males than females (2.5-4 : 1) Case Study During the first years of life, “John” walked and talked at the expected milestones The only exception was that he was very clingy to his mother--he was scared to venture outside alone (he would scream) and would not engage with anyone else. John loved his building cups. However, he was disinterested in playing with his sister, preferring to place the cups around the room. If they were moved, or one was lost, he was inconsolable for the whole day. Case Study At the age of three, John had normal verbal skills and his memory seemed phenomenal. He could recite all the road signs in the highway code without error. However, he was extremely wary of other people, always avoiding eye contact and getting increasingly difficult for his mother to manage. He had tantrums which became worse as he struggled to make sense of his world. Case Study His mother knew there was something wrong but no-one listened. Others said it was all her fault because she was too sensitive and over-protective. When John started school, he seemed to be unteachable. He would not settle, and at last people took mother’s concerns seriously. On the plus side, John was getting better developmental skills and could play the glockenspiel and piano if he was in the mood. He did it instinctively, playing any tune with one hand. Case Study John was manic, always anxious, ofte