Phase Changes MrsBuzinmrsbuzin相变化。.pptxVIP

Powerpoint Done By: Amanda Hofstaedter, Kevin Rogers Kayla Scullion Phase Changes “Energy Changes Accompanying Phase Changes” Every phase change is accompanied by a change in energy of the system Solid – Liquid Molecules/ions are ‘fixed’ in position as a solid Increasingly vibrate as temperature increases When melted, units are free to move Heat of fusion Hfus: enthalpy change for melting a solid “Energy Changes Accompanying Phase Changes” Liquid - Gas As temperature increases, so does molecular movement Measured by increase of gas-phase molecules over liquid Molecules exert vapor pressure Vapor pressure increases until equals atmospheric pressure Liquid then boils and molecules move into gaseous state Heat of vaporization H vap Solid - Gas Molecules of a solid can go directly into gaseous state Heat of sublimation: Hsub (sum of Heat of Fusion Vaporization) “In a solid, the particles are packed in a rigid configuration, giving the substance a definite shape and size. In a liquid, the particles are close together but may move with respect to one another, giving the substance a definite volume but a fluid shape. In a gas, the particles may occupy the entire volume of the container, so that their shape and volume are both defined by the container.” Internal structure of the three physical states. “Energy Changes Accompanying Phase Changes” First Law of Thermodynamics Heat absorbed by liquid in vaporizing must be evolved when reverse process occurs (condensation) Heat of Condensation is equal in magnitude and opposite in sign from Heat of Vaporization Heat of Deposition exothermic = Heat of Sublimation endothermic Heat of Freezing exothermic = Heat of Fusion endothermic Diagram of Phase Transitions Table to Show Signs of Enthalpy Changes Phase Transition Change of Enthalpy Fusion (Melting)(solid to liquid) ΔH 0; enthalpy increases(endothermic process) Vaporization(liquid to gas) ΔH 0; enthalpy increases Sublimation(solid to gas) ΔH 0; enthal