PowerPoint Molar Solutions From Liquids Dilution PowerPoint 摩尔溶液的液体稀释.pptVIP

Making Molar Solutions Making molar solutions from liquids Not all compounds are in a solid form Acids are purchased as liquids (“stock solutions”). Yet, we still need a way to make molar solutions of these compounds. The Procedure is similar: Use pipette to measure moles (via volume) Use volumetric flask to measure volume Now we use the equation M1V1 = M2V2 1 is starting (concentrated conditions) 2 is ending (dilute conditions) Reading a pipette Practice using a pipette Always keep pipette vertical To rinse: take up water, remove green filler, rotate pipette, replace filler, expel water If filler can not take up or expel enough liquid, remove, place finger over pipette, turn knob, replace filler. Take up water to 0 mark. Measure 3.2 mL into 10 mL cylinder. (one per person) If drop is hanging off, touch to cylinder Repeat with 1.7 mL and 5.1 mL __________________________________ If done correctly you should get 10 mL in graduated cylinder The Dilution formula E.g. if we have 1 L of 3 M HCl, what is M if we dilute acid to 6 L? M1 = 3 mol/L, V1 = 1 L, V2 = 6 L M1V1 = M2V2, M1V1/V2 = M2 M2 = (3 mol/L x 1 L) / (6 L) = 0.5 M Why does the formula work? Because we are equating mol to mol: Practice problems Q – What volume of 0.5 M HCl can be prepared from 1 L of 12 M HCl? M1 = 12 mol/L, V1 = 1 L, M2 = 0.5 L M1V1 = M2V2, M1V1/M2 = V2 V2 = (12 mol/L x 1 L) / (0.5 L) = 24 L Q – 1 L of a 3 M HCl solution is added to 0.5 L of a 2 M HCl solution. What is the final concentration of HCl? (hint: first calculate total number of moles and total number of L) # mol = (3 mol/L)(1 L) + (2 mol/L)(0.5 L) = 3 mol + 1 mol = 4 mol # L = 1 L + 0.5 L = 1.5 L # mol/L = 4 mol / 1.5 L = 2.67 mol/L 1. How many mL of a 14 M stock solution must be used to make 250 mL of a 1.75 M solution? 2. You have 200 mL of 6.0 M HF. What concentration results if this is diluted to a total volume of 1 L? 3. 100 mL of 6.0 M CuSO4 must be diluted to what final volume so that the resulting