Preventing HospitalAcquired Infections预防医院获得性感染.pptVIP

Objectives:Upon completion of this module, the learner will: Define Multidrug Resistant Organisms (MDRO) Name 2 MDROs State the type of precautions to be used with all patients and under what circumstances you would wear gloves Name the type of isolation in which to place someone with an MDRO What are Multi-Drug Resistant Organisms? (MDROs) MDROs are microorganisms, predominantly bacteria, that are resistant to one or more classes of antimicrobial agents Examples of MDROs (not all inclusive) Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Vancomycin-intermediate staphylococcus aureus (VISA) Vancomycin-resistant staphylococus aureus (VRSA) Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) Streptococcus pneumoniae resistant to penicillin and other broad-spectrum agents What are Multi-Drug Resistant Organisms? (MDROs) Other Examples of MDROs Some gram-negative organisms with strains that have developed the ability to produce ESBL (extended-spectrum beta-lactamase) which is an enzyme that inactivates beta-lactam antibiotics such as the penicillins and cephalasporins Klebsiella pneumonia Escherichia coli (E. Coli) Acinetobacter baumannii Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Why Concern over MDRO Infections? Cause serious, difficult-to-treat infections that can result in substantial morbidity, mortality, increased lengths of stay and excess cost Frequently preventable – Usually acquired via transmission by: caregiver-to-patient, environment-to-patient, or patient-to-patient Judicious use of antimicrobials may decrease incidence of microorganisms developing antibiotic resistance What Measures Can We Take to Prevent Transmission of MDROs? Hand Hygiene – The Most Important Way to Prevent Transmission of Microorganisms and Infection What Other Measures Can We Take to Prevent Transmission of MDROs? Isolation Precautions Follow Standard Precautions during all patient encounters in all settings in which healthcare is delivered. Remember Standard Precautions is using approp