Pulmonary Function Testing University of Arizona Pediatric肺功能试验亚利桑那大学儿科.pptVIP

Pulmonary Function Tests Measuring the Capacity for Life Esmeralda E. Morales, MD September 21, 2004 Objectives Review basic pulmonary anatomy and physiology. Understand the reasons pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are performed. Understand the technique and basic interpretation of spirometry. Know the difference between obstructive and restrictive lung disease. Know how PFTs are clinically applied. Before you can proceed, you need to know a little about the lungs… What do the lungs do? Primary function is gas exchange Let oxygen move in Let carbon dioxide move out How do the lungs do this? First, air has to move to the region where gas exchange occurs. For this, you need a normal ribcage and respiratory muscles that work properly (among other things). Conducting Airways Air travels via laminar flow through the conducting airways comprised of the following: trachea, lobar bronchi, segmental bronchi, subsegmental bronchi, small bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles. How do the lungs do this? (cont) The airways then branch further to become transitional/respiratory bronchioles. The transitional/respiratory zones are made up of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli. How do the lungs do this? (cont) Gas exchange takes place in the acinus. This is defined as an anatomical unit of the lung made of structures supplied by a terminal bronchiole. How does gas exchange occur? Numerous capillaries are wrapped around alveoli. Gas diffuses across this alveolar-capillary barrier. This barrier is as thin as 0.3 μm in some places and has a surface area of 50-100 square meters! Gas Exchange What exactly are PFTs? The term encompasses a wide variety of objective methods to assess lung function. (Remember that the primary function is gas exchange). Examples include: Spirometry Lung volumes by helium dilution or body plethysmography Blood gases Exercise tests Diffusing capacity Bronchial challenge testing Pulse oximetry Why do I care ab