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Reason, Relativity, and Responsibility in Computer Ethics计算机伦理的理性、相对性与责任
Reason, Relativity, and Responsibility in Computer Ethics James H. Moor Searching for Ethics in the Global Village “We are entering a generation marked by globalization and ubiquitous computing. The second generation of computer ethics, therefore must be an era of ‘global information ethics.’” Bynum and Rogerson “The widespread desire to be wired should make us reflect on what awaits as the computer revolution explodes around the world. The digital genie is out of the bottle on a world-wide scale.” Moor Global Village (2) There is disagreement about the nature of computer ethics He disagrees with two positions, both are popular A) “Routine Ethics” position – ethical problems in computing are regarded as no different from ethical problems in any field, there is nothing special about them. Apply established customs, laws, and norms to access the situations straightforwardly B) “Cultural Relativism” – local customs and laws determine what is right and wrong But computing crosses cultural boundaries as well as national and state boundaries Dilemma Routine ethics makes computer ethics trivial, and Cultural Relativism makes it impossible Discuss the above two statements The problems of computer ethics, in some cases, are special and exert pressure on our understanding Logical Malleability and Informational Enrichment Computers are logically malleable – they are general purpose machines like no others Computers are informationally enriching They certainly automate, and They informate – they are able to collect information while working, that information can be used in making decisions How does this contrast with industrial age machines? The Special Nature of Computer Ethics Moor believes that computer ethics is a special field of ethical research and application in that “Computer ethics has two parts: (I) the analysis of the nature and social impact of computer technology and (ii) the corresponding formulation and justification of policies for the ethical use of such te
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