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Relationship Between Body Image and Protective Sexual Health身体形象与保护性健康的关系
Using the Health Belief Model to Examine Differences in Mammography Compliance Among Black and White Women Susan S. Thomas, Ph.D.1 Victoria L. Champion, DNS, RN, FAAN 2 Theodore K. Miller, Ph.D.3 Usha Menon, Ph.D., RN, ANP4 1. Cancer Prevention Fellow, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD. 2. Associate Dean for Research. Indiana University School of Nursing, Indianapolis, IN. 3. Professor, Indiana University School of Public and Environmental Affairs. 4. Assistant Professor, University of Utah College of Nursing, Salt Lake City, Utah. Abstract Introduction One in nine women will develop breast cancer by the time she is 85 years old (ACS, 1999). Black women are less likely to develop breast cancer, but more likely to die as a result, partly due to later stage of breast cancer diagnosis (McDonald, 1999). Rates of mammography use in certain states such as Indiana and Missouri are below both Healthy People 2010 ACS 2008 Objectives (ACS, 2001). Health beliefs are significant predictors of mammography compliance (Stein, Fox, Murata, 1991) Aim of the Study The primary aim of this study was to use the Health Belief Model (HBM) as the theoretical basis to examine health beliefs related to screening mammography among Black and White women. Methods Secondary data analysis Cross sectional study Subjects (n=1045) Sites: General Medicine Clinic of Barnes-Jewish Hospital (St. Louis, MO) 2 HMOs in Indianapolis, IN – Methodist Medical Group IU Medical Group Inclusion criteria: Women age 51 or older No mammogram in previous 15 months No personal history of breast cancer Self-identified as Black or White Having completed both Time 1 and Time 2 interviews Instrumentation Champion Breast Health Survey (4 Subscales on Likert Scale) Perceived susceptibility—3 items beliefs of personal threat or harm related to breast cancer Perceived benefits—7 items positive outcomes of obtaining a mammogram Perceived barriers—16 items emotions, physical or structural concer
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