Quantum Well Solar Cells sgr量子阱太阳能电池组.uk.pptVIP

The Role of Solar Electricity in Sustainable Building (Smart Windows) Quantum Photovoltaic Group Keith Barnham, Ian Ballard, Andreas Ioannides, David Johnson, Marianne Lynch, Massimo Mazzer, Tom Tibbits, (Cell design, cell characterisation and modelling) Experimental Solid State Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, UK http://www.sc.ic.ac.uk/~q_pv John Roberts, Geoff Hill, Cath Calder (Sample growth and fabrication) EPSRC National Centre for III-V Technology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK Tim Green (Systems, local power networks, storage) Electrical Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ Optical Products Ltd, SolarStructure, Permasteelisa Centre for Integrated Photonics Growth in World PV Capacity PV installations World-wide increased by 57% in 2004 UK PV one of lowest in EU but a 40%/yr increase would generate 23% by 2023 The Three Generations of PV First Generation Crystalline and poly-crystalline Si ~15% efficiency, ~ $3/Wp Second Generation Thin film cells CdTe, CuInSe2 (10-15)% effic., ~ $(1-2)/Wp Third Generation expensive - III-V cells (400-1000)x concentration for large scale power $1/Wp. Efficiency versus band- gap GaAs cells highest single junction efficiencies Lower Eg = higher efficiency No lower Eg III-V alloys lattice matched to GaAs or Ge substrates Multi-junction approaches also would like bulk-cell with band-gap ~ 1.1 mm ~ 1.1 eV Can grow InyGa1-yAs bulk cells on virtual substrates but never dislocation free SB-QWSC lowers GaAs absorption edge without dislocations GaAsP/InGaAs Strain-Balanced QWSC SB-QWSC Efficiency vs. Concentration 50 well SB-QWSC ~ 2% higher efficiency than p-n control 65 well cell should achieve World record at 500x What is the Electricity DEMAND in Buildings? 63% of electricity in UK used in buildings Sunlight on buildings ~ 7x electricity consumption in the buildings DEMAND similar through year, peaks daily ~2x BASELOAD – Nuclear only pr