Rift Valley Fever University of Pittsburgh裂谷热匹兹堡大学.pptVIP

Rift Valley Fever Sherine Shawky, MD, Dr.PH Assistant Professor Department of Community Medicine Primary Health Care College of Medicine King Abdulaziz University shshawky@ Rift Valley Fever Acute febrile viral disease Affecting animals humans Causes influenza-like illness May lead to high morbidity, mortality economic loss Geographic Location Geologic Feature of Rift Valley  Length: 6,000miles Site: Lebanon to Mozambique Largest part: Kenya Development: Subterranean forces Feature: Dambos Causes of Outbreaks Outbreaks in the Last Half Century RVF Virus Mode of Transmission Mosquitoes Other blood suckling insects Contact with blood or other body fluids of infected animals Consumption of infected milk Mode of Transmission(cont.) Contact with blood or other body fluids of infected humans in late stages of disease Airborne transmission Inoculation through broken skin Target Liver: focal necrosis RBCs: haemagglutination Brain: necrotic encephalitis Clinical Picture 1- Non-Human Host Fever Hepatitis Abortion Death Adults: 10-30% Neonates: 100% 2- Human Host Incubation period of 2-6 days Asymptomatic Flu-like illness Abdominal pain Photophobia Recovery in 2-7days Complications of RVF 1- Ocular Lesions Rate: 0.5-2.0% Onset: 1-3 weeks Presentation Localized pain Blurred vision Loss of vision: 1.0-10.0% Lesions: Macular lesions Retinitis Retinal detachment Death: rare 2- Meningoencephalitis Rate: 1.0% Onset: 1-3 weeks Death: rare Presentation: Severe headache Vertigo Seizures Coma 3- Haemorrhagic fever Rate: 1.0% Onset: 2-4 days Presentation: hemorrhagic phenomenon Lesions: Acute fulminant hepatitis DIC Hemolytic anemia CFR: 50.0% High Risk Groups People who sleep outdoors at night Slaughterhouse workers, butchers veterinarians and others who handle blood, other body fluids or tissues of infected animals High Risk Groups (cont.) Doctors and nurses in contact with infected cases at late stages of the disease Laboratory technicians Travellers visiting e