Science 8 Unit E Space Exploration staff科学8单位空间探索工作人员.gsacrd.ab.pptVIP

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Science 8 Unit E Space Exploration staff科学8单位空间探索工作人员.gsacrd.ab.ppt

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Science 8 Unit E Space Exploration staff科学8单位空间探索工作人员.gsacrd.ab

Science 9: Unit E: Space Exploration Topic 6: Above the Atmosphere and Under Control Rockets Rockets were invented in ancient China and used mostly for fireworks and cannon fire. A rocket is made up of three parts: The combustible fuel (used to be gunpowder now is mostly liquid hydrogen and oxygen) The payload – the device, material, or persons that the rocket is delivering. It can be anything from a nuclear warhead to a Russian cosmonaut. A tube connecting the first two parts together. Thrust and Escape Velocity The thrust/force that powers a rocket up is achieved by the rocket forcing down the exhaust from the fuel. The speed that the exhaust fuel leaves the rocket is called the exhaust velocity. The faster the exhaust velocity the further the rocket travels. The action-reaction principle of pushing down the fuel is similar to a basketball player jumping up to the hoop by pushing down on the floor. The Evolution of Rockets Rockets started out using solid fuels such as gunpowder. Modern rockets now used liquid fuels which have higher exhaust velocities and are lighter than solid fuels. Older rockets were one single object. These were called single-stage rockets. Later rockets were designed as multi-stage rockets: as pieces of the rockets become unnecessary they drop off and the rocket continues moving up with a lighter mass. The multi-stage rocket can therefore travel farther. Modern Rockets The modern rocket was invented in Nazi Germany during WWII by Werner von Braun. The name of this rocket was the V-2 rocket and it was used as a long range missile against Britain. von Braun was later abducted by the Americans who put him in charge of their space program. Thus you can say that putting the man on the moon wouldn’t be possible without the help of Nazi scientists. Russians created their own competing space program creating three models of rockets themselves: the Vostok, Voshkod, and Soyuz rockets. The Soyuz rocket is still used today to deliver payloads to the Int