The Changing Wealth of Nations Measuring Sustainable衡量可持续发展的国际财富.pptVIP

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2017-03-09 发布于上海
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The Changing Wealth of Nations Measuring Sustainable衡量可持续发展的国际财富.ppt

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The Changing Wealth of Nations Measuring Sustainable衡量可持续发展的国际财富

Lower middle income countries – roughly from $1000 to $4000 per capita GDP * All models include country fixed effects and time dummies * Not money owed for damages – finding fault, connection between emitter and person harmed, strict liability cannot be retroactive * The Changing Wealth of NationsMeasuring Sustainable Developmentin the New Millennium Kirk Hamilton Development Research Group The World Bank Outline The wealth of nations in 2005 What changed? 1995-2005 Saving for the future Special topics: Intangible wealth and CO2 Policy messages The Wealth of Nations in 2005 Where is the wealth of Ghana? Shares of total wealth, 2005 Shares of natural wealth, 2005 Total wealth / capita: $9,500 Where is the wealth of the UK? Shares of total wealth, 2005 Shares of natural wealth, 2005 Total wealth / capita: $663,000 Composition of total wealth Natural capital is most important in low income countries—more than twice as large as produced capital In middle income countries natural capital and produced capital are roughly equal Intangible wealth dominates in all countries, especially in high income countries Shares of comprehensive wealth, by income class, 2005 Composition of natural wealth Crop Land Pasture Land Forest and Protected Areas Subsoil Assets East Asia-Pacific 55 6 16 23 E. Europe-Central Asia 14 11 13 62 Latin America-Carib 33 10 27 30 Middle East-N. Africa 20 8 2 69 South Asia 49 25 13 13 Sub-Saharan Africa 35 13 17 36 Percentage shares of natural wealth, by developing region, 2005 What changed? 1995-2005 How did wealth change from 1995 to 2005? Growth in total and per capita wealth by region Globally, wealth grew 34% in total and 17% per capita Development changing composition of wealth Lower-middle income countries: shares of total wealth 1995-2005 Change in total wealth by type of asset $ billion, 1995-2005 Saving for the future Extending our measures of wealth creation Long-run trends in genuine saving Many resource-r