The Merchant of Venice Wappingers Central School District威尼斯商人瓦平酋士中心学区.pptVIP

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The Merchant of Venice Wappingers Central School District威尼斯商人瓦平酋士中心学区.ppt

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The Merchant of Venice Wappingers Central School District威尼斯商人瓦平酋士中心学区

Background Information Written some time around 1597 Written as a romantic comedy since it is about love and ends happily Fuses many dramatic elements: romantic courtship, riddling love tests, eloping lovers, comic confusions, a gripping courtroom trial, and a seemingly harmonious final act At the core of the play is Shylock, the Jewish moneylender. He only appears in five of the 20 scenes, but his presence dominates the play. Roots of Shakespearean drama begin with mystery and miracle plays of the Middle Ages, which were performed by the church for a largely illiterate audience about Old and New Testament stories. Jews were often viewed as responsible for Christ’s crucifixion. Jews became the evil villains of Elizabethan drama. They were one-dimensional stereotypical characters. The Jew of Malta, written in 1589 by Christopher Marlowe, is one such work. Marlowe was Shakespeare greatest rival. The Jew of Malta by: Christopher Marlowe The Merchant of Venice by: William Shakespeare Both money-lenders Both have daughters who leave home with father’s money Both despicable characters Barbaras is a villain who steals, cheats, and indulges in murder until he finally meets a gruesome end, boiling in oil. Shylock is presented as a complex man, whose every action can be understood, and who ultimately elicits sympathy from the modern audience. 1075 in Oxford: Jews were not confined to ghettos as many of their European counterparts, but they were not allowed to be citizens. Because Christians could not lend money with interest, many Jews earned lucrative livings as usurers. In trying to regain debt owed to them, Jews became the target of resentment. Late 12th Century: Anti-Semitic sentiment culminated in two massacres, one at the coronation of Richard I in 1189 (30 Jews killed), and the other in the city of York in 1190 (150 Jews killed). In fact, the Magna Carta, is a testament to growing Anti-Semitic feelings—two clauses state that if a debtor dies debt