The Thickness equationHypsometric equation厚度方程测高方程.pptVIP

The Thickness equation (Hypsometric equation) Atms 4310 / 7310 Lab 4 Anthony R. Lupo The Thickness equation (Hypsometric equation) This is where we’ll start. The ‘w’ or 3rd equation of motion: The Thickness equation (Hypsometric equation) Thus, the 3rd equation of motion reduces to hydrostatic balance. Hydrostatic balance: Between PGF in the vertical and gravity. The Thickness equation (Hypsometric equation) v PGF gravity The Thickness equation (Hypsometric equation) Well we can take hydrostatic balance and invoke the Chain rule: Then substitute ideal gas law for dry air, and invoke “the snake” from z1 to z2, thus bringing us to The Thickness equation (Hypsometric equation) ? Temperature is a variable (giving us an improper integral – darn it!), how to get around this? The Thickness equation (Hypsometric equation) Trick ? Treat Temperature (and that’s soo sweet) as constant by averaging in the zu – zl layer *** (Important!) The thickness between pl and pu increases with increasing mean temperature since the density decreases with increasing temperature at a given pressure. (If hydrostatic balance, then mass between two pressure levels is the same.) ? To account for moisture, you can use Tv in place of T, and then use Rd = 287.04 J/K kg The Thickness equation (Hypsometric equation) Simple applications 1) Mean virtual Temperature increases in a layer 0.5 K for a 10 m increase in the 1000- 500 hPa thickness. I can use this to account for advection in forecasting! Let’s see: Tv = (Dz g) / (Rd ln (pu/pl)) The Thickness equation (Hypsometric equation) = (10 m * 10) / (287 * 0.001) = 0.5 K! 2) We could use to calculate the “critical” thickness for the “mean” freezing of water in the 1000 – 700 hPa layer. By appointing Tv = 273.15 K, we can calculate that 2850 meters is this “critical thickness, so this thickness value could represent a “rain – snow” line. Since we need the temperature to be below freezing in the c