The Work of Rivers河流的工作.pptVIP

The Work of Rivers The Work of Rivers The Work of Rivers The Work of Rivers The Work of Rivers The Work of Rivers The Work of Rivers The Work of Rivers The Work of Rivers The Work of Rivers The Work of Rivers The Work of Rivers The Work of Rivers The Work of Rivers The Work of Rivers * * The erosional work of streams/rivers carves and shapes the landscape through which they flow. 3 functions of rivers Erosion Transportation Deposition Erosion A river may erode in 4 ways Abrasion/corrasion Load carried by a river will grind against its bed and sides. This process slowly wears the bed and sides away. Erosion 2. Attrition When thrown against the sides and bed of rivers, the load gets broken into smaller pieces. Erosion 3. Hydraulic action The work of turbulence in the water. Running water causes friction in the joints of rocks in a stream channel Joints may be enlarged Loosened fragments of rocks get swept away. Erosion 4. Solution/Corrosion Certain minerals in rocks like limestone can be dissolved in water. Rocks are then eroded. Relationship of velocity and sediment size to erosion B. Transportation (4 ways) B. Transportation (4 ways) Traction Larger and heavier rocks/gravels are dragged or rolled along the bed. B. Transportation (4 ways) 2. Saltation (saltim: by leaps/jumps) Smaller and lighter rock fragments and sand hop and bounce along the river bed. At times, the distinction between traction and saltation may be difficult to determine. B. Transportation (4 ways) 3. Suspension Some of the load like silt and clay (fine-grained) will float along. They may only be deposited when stream velocity reaches near 0. Turbulence in the water is crucial in holding a load of sediments. B. Transportation (4 ways) 4. Solution Some minerals are transported in dissolved form. Especially chemical solution derived from minerals like limestone or dolomite. C. Deposition A river will drop its load when: Volume decreases Speed decreases C. Deposition A river’s volume decreases w