Urban gridlock Macroscopic modeling and mitigation approaches城市交通宏观建模和缓解方法.pptVIP

Volvo Summer Workshop Track 2: Urban Transportation Physics Carlos Daganzo Outline Focus Mass motions in cities How things work? New technologies New policies BLIP Concept Right lane reserved for bus but open to traffic when bus is not near by, like IBL. CMS and in-pavement lights dynamically restrict and allow access to lane. One CMS per block Rules of the road: Drivers bound by CMS message until next CMS is reached. Complexity Fades Away Green Logistics – Implemented schemes Water use - Coordinated transport A DHL-boat sails through the canals and serves as base-centre for bicycle-couriers Clean vehicles hybrid (clean and quiet) and energy efficient electric vehicles urban distribution centre (UDC) large trucks for long-distance transport to and from the UDC and of vans and small trucks for the centre. Conclusions Gridlock In Cities Nikolas Geroliminis Self-Stabilizing Bus Routes Josh Pilachowski Statement of Problem Two parts of travel time Time to travel between stops Time to pick up and drop off passengers Bus routes by their very nature are unstable Demand is stochastic Small variation in demand can create large instability over time without control Queue proportional to headway Increased demand? Slows bus? Larger headway? Increased demand Decreased demand? Speeds up bus? Smaller headway? Decreased demand Buses eventually come together and act as a single unit Sustainability Attracting Ridership Minimum ridership needed to derive environmental benefits Ridership from necessity as opposed to desire Spare-the-Air days Inherent Instability Routes with smaller headways are more unstable Smaller headways comes from higher use Equity Bus vs. Rail Control Methods Station Control Holding Station Skipping Interstation Control Speed Control* Traffic Signal Preemption Other Adding/Removing Vehicles Early Turns Existing Controls Instability still exists Not many controls to alleviate this Establish slack time Estimate delays on route and add a fixed amount