WATER TRANSPORT IN PLANTS Palatine High School在植物腭高中水上运输.pptVIP

WATER TRANSPORT IN PLANTS Transport Occurs on 3 Levels Uptake of water and loss of water and solutes by cells. Aquaporins assist water transport. Short-distance transport from cell to cell at the level of tissues and organs: loading sieve tube by companion cells. Long-distance transport of sap within xylem and phloem at the level of the whole plant. Selective channels aid in transport of K+ or Na+. Some channels are gated: Respond to specific stimuli. Proton pump is the most important “active” transporter. Differences in Water Potential Drive Water Transport Net uptake or loss of water by a cell occurs by osmosis. The Water Potential (?) or psi of pure water in an open container is zero. ? = 0 Water moves across a membrane from higher to lower water potential. Adding solute to water decreases ?. Physical pressure, ?p, can push or pull water. Solute potential, ?s, is proportional to solute concentration and also known as osmotic potential. ? = ?p + ?s (? is usually a negative value) Transport of Water Water and minerals enter root through root hairs osmosis: Two pathways toward center of root exist. 1. Apoplast pathway. (nonliving path): Water moves through cell walls never entering cells: 2. Symplast pathway (living path): Water moves from cell to cell via plasmodesmata: Water crosses endodermis to vascular cylinder (stele) of root via symplast pathway. Apoplast blocked by suberin in Casparian strip. Endodermal cells are selective: ex. Hold back Na+. Once through endodermis, water and minerals continue by apoplast to the xylem. Three Mechanisms for Water Movement Control of TranspirationThe Photosynthesis – Transpiration Compromise Opening and closing of stomata influence gas exchange, transpiration, ascent of sap, and photosynthesis. Water loss is a trade-off of allowing CO2 into the cell. C4 plants can assimilate CO2 faster than C3 plants when stomata are partially closed and lose much less water. Transpiration delivers minerals to leaves and co