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Contraction ofSkeletal Muscles Physiologic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle The striations of skeletal muscles are produced by thick and thin filaments. Molecular mechanisms of muscle contraction Huxley-Hanson Theory 1. Myofibrils are contracted due to contraction of a large number of sarcomeres 2. The length of actin and myosin filaments not change during contraction 3. The process of contraction is a result of sliding actin filaments along myosin filaments 4. The process of muscle contraction requires energy of ATP Molecular Characteristics of the Myosin Filament myosin molecules The myosin filament is composed of multiple myosin molecules. The myosin molecule is composed of six polypeptide chains—two heavy chains, and four light chains. The two heavy chains wrap spirally around each other to form a double helix, which is called the tail of the myosin molecule. One end of each of these chains is folded bilaterally into a globular polypeptide structure called a myosin head. Thus, there are two free heads at one end of the double-helix myosin molecule. The four light chains are also part of the myosin head, two to each head. These light chains help control the function of the head during muscle contraction. The myosin filament is made up of 200 or more individual myosin molecules. The central portion of one of these filaments, displaying the tails of the myosin molecules bundled together to form the body of the filament, while many heads of the molecules hang outward to the sides of the body. Part of the body of each myosin molecule hangs to the side along with the head, thus providing an arm that extends the head outward from the body. The protruding arms and heads together are called cross-bridges. Each cross-bridge is flexible at two points called hinges—one where the arm leaves the body of the myosin filament, and the other where the head attaches to the arm. The hinged arms allow the heads either to be extended far outward from the body of the myosin filament or to