普通语言学》第5次课课件.ppt

《普通语言学概论》第 5 次课第二章 语音学与音位学(1) 2.0 序言 2.1 语音的发出 2.0 序 言 ①We can analyze speech sounds from various perspectives and the two major areas of study are phonetics and phonology. ②PHONETICS studies how speech sounds are produced, transmitted, and perceived. ③Imagine that the speech sound is articulated by a Speaker A. ④It is then transmitted to and perceived by a Listener B. ⑤ Consequently, a ①我们可以从不同的视角研究语音，而两个主要的研究领域就是语音学和音位学。②语音学研究语音怎样发出，传递和被感知。 ③ 我们假设，讲话者A发出一个语音，然后传递给听话者B，并被B感知，这样这个音就经过了一个由三个步骤构成的过程（如图2.1）。 speech sound goes through a three-step process, as shown in Figure 2.1. ⑥Naturally, the study of sounds is divided into three main areas, each dealing with one part of the process: ㈠ARTICULATORY PHONETICS is the study of the production of speech sounds. ④这样，对语音的研究可以 分为三个主要领域，其中每 一个领域研究这个过程中的 一部分：发音语音学研究语 音的发出；声学语音学研究 语音的物理属性；感知语音 学或听觉语音学研究语音怎 样被感知。 ㈡ACOUSTIC PHONETICS is the study of the physical properties of speech sounds. ㈢PERCEPTUAL or AUDITORY PHONETICS is concerned with the perception of speech sounds. ①PHONOLOGY is the study of the sound patterns and sound systems of languages. ②It aims to “discover the principles that governs the way sounds are organized in languages, and to explain the varieties that occur”. ① 音位学研究语言的语音模式和语音系统，目的在于发现语音组织的原则，并解释语音的变异。 ①In phonology we normally begin by analyzing an individual language, say English, in order to determine its PHONOLOGICAL STRUCTURE, i.e. which sound units are used and how they are put together. ②Then we compare the properties of sound systems in different languages in order to make hypotheses about the rules that underlie the use of sounds in them, ①在音位学研究中， 我们一开始往往是分析 某一种语言，例如，英 语，以确定其音位结 构，也就是，确定哪些 语音单位可以使用，以 及它们怎样组合起来。 ② 然后我们可以比较不 同语言的语音系统的属 性，为的是就语音使用 提出理论假设，其最终 目标是发现所有语言的 语音模式背后的规则。 and ultimately we aim to discover the rules that underlie the sound patterns of all languages. ①In this chapter, we will introduce and discuss some of the basic i