生理知识课件.ppt

Title or job number  呼吸系统解剖及生理 呼吸系统解剖和生理 解剖 解剖 解剖 解剖 解剖 生理 呼吸动作的过程 什么是机械通气 ... 用呼吸机对呼吸功能不全病人进行呼吸支持的一种临时性的方法 ... 直至病人有充分的自主呼吸,可以无需呼吸机支持 机械通气的目的 提供最理想的气体交换 ... O2吸收入血 排除血中 CO2 同时,最大限度降低…. 肺损伤 循环影响 生理 解剖 肺泡( Alveoli) 气管插管的阻力 肺的阻力 顺应性 生理 生理 内呼吸 (The internal breathing) 生理 生理 生理 酸碱平衡 酸碱平衡 酸碱平衡 一般给出下列参数： paO2 paCO2 pH值 HCO3- BE SaO2 Hb / 血糖 / 电解质 / 乳酸 酸碱平衡 标准值 paO2 paCO2 pH-value HCO3- BE SaO2 The bronchial tree beneath the larynx is the beginning of bronchial tree the first part is the trachea (later more) at the end of the trachea is the first segmentation into the right and the left main bronchus this segmentation is called bifurcation the right main bronchus is steeper, shorter and more wide than the left one the left main bronchus forms an angel of 90? with the trachea the main bronchus splitts into 3 lobes (bronchus) on the right side and only into 2 lobes (bronchus)on the left side another segmentationtakes place into the so called segment bronchi, we will find 10 of them on the right side and only 8 of them on the left side the bronchial tree splitts again from the bronchioli till the bronchioli respiratorii from the trachea till the smalleat structures of the bronchial tree it splitts 23 times at the end of the bronchial tree we will find the alveoli the interior layer of the trachea and the bronchial tree consists of a ciliated epithelium and a glandula epithelium; a mucous layer is covering the ciliae and consists of a fluid sol layer(surrounding the ciliae) and a superficial gel layer (adhere foreign particles and microorganisms); another task of these mucous layer is to moisture the inspired air the fluid sol layer is necessary for the ciliae to be freely mobile; the ciliary beat is directed towards the mouth and enables foreign particles and microorganisms to be removed Coughing The bronchial tree does`t paticipate in the gas exchange, the only purpose is for transportation the air and that`s w