§5-5线偏振模.ppt

单模光纤 场解表达式 高斯近似 等效阶跃近似 双折射 单模光纤的场解 阶跃折射率分布：HE11(LP01) 模 -z0 AJ0(Ur/a)/J0(U) 0≤r≤a Ey(x)＝ Hx(y)＝ n BK0(Wr/a)/K0(W) r＞a W≈1.1428V-0.9960≈2.7484λc/λ0 - 0.9960 U＝(V2－W2)1/2 平方率折射率分布：LP00模 -z0 Aexp[-(r/W)2] 0≤r≤a Ey(x)＝ Hx(y)＝ n Bexp(-Wr/a) r＞a 高斯近似:最大激发效率判据 最大激发效率判据： Wm/a＝ 0.65＋1.619V－3/2＋2.879V－6 (阶跃光纤) Wg/a=AV-2/(g+2)+BV-3/2+CV-6 (g-型光纤） A={(2/5)[1+4(2/g)5/6]}1/2 B=exp(0.298g-1)-1+1.478[1-exp(-0.077g)] C=3.76+exp(4.19g-0.418) W/a＝√2 V-1/2 ＋0.3716V-3/2＋26.77V-6 (平方率光纤) 等效阶跃光纤近似(ESF) 寻找一条适当的阶跃型光纤去等效实际的渐变型光纤。而阶跃型光纤的场解是已知的, 这样就得到了渐变型光纤的场解。 (ESF):热诺姆判据 等效阶型光纤参数V和a的选择应使│β2－β 2│ 为最小； g型光纤：n2(r) = n22[1+2D(1-(r/a)g)] V＝V(1＋2/g)1/2 g-光纤Vc值比SIOF大！ a＝a(g＋2)/(g＋3) (例如：g=2, Vc=3.401) 凹陷光纤： n2(r) = n22{1+2D[1-a(1-(r/a)g)]} 凹陷光纤Vc值比SIOF小！ 单模光纤的双折射 LP01 (HE11)包含两个相互正交的偏振模。 两个模式的相速并不完全相同。随着电磁波的向前传播,基模场将沿z轴作线偏振波－椭圆偏振波－园偏振波－椭园偏振波－线偏振波的周期性变化。场形变化一周期所行经的z向距离,即差拍长度为: Lb＝2π/Db=l0 / B; B=Db/k0 (B:光纤双折射参数) 光纤中存在三种双折射： 线双折射:在x和y方向折射率不同，引起椭圆偏振 园双折射:在左右旋方向折射率不同,引起偏振面旋转 椭圆双折射:上述两种情形迭加 光纤双折射产生偏振模色散(PMD) 第二章：光纤特性及参数测量 光纤的损耗 材料吸收损耗 材料吸收损耗 散射损耗 散射损耗 弯曲损耗 宏弯损耗 过渡弯曲损耗 微弯损耗 光纤的损耗谱 光纤的色散 色散定义 多模光纤与单模光纤色散 Material (Chromatic) Dispersion This is caused by the fact that the refractive index of the glass we are using varies (slightly) with the wavelength. Some wavelengths therefore have higher group velocities and so travel faster than others. Since every pulse consists of a range of wavelengths it will spread out to some degree during its travel. Group Velocity Dispersion (GVD) Normal Dispersion Regime :the long wavelengths travel faster than the short ones! Thus after travelling on a fibre wavelengths at the red end of the pulse spectrum will arrive first. This is called a positive chirp! Anomalous Dispersion Regime: the short wavelengths (blue