原油蒸馏系统初步设计.doc

本科毕业设计 题目： 加工量为10 Mt/a的原油蒸馏系统初步设计 学 院: 化学工程与技术 专 业: 化学工程与工艺 学 号: 学生姓名: 指导教师: 日 期:  摘 要 石油炼厂中的第一个生产装置一般都是常减压蒸馏装置，人们通过蒸馏将石油分割成相应的直馏汽油、化工原料、轻柴油或重柴油馏分及其他馏分。所谓原油的一次加工，就是指原油蒸馏而言。借助于蒸馏，可以将原油分割成各种半成品馏分油，也可以将原油分割成一些重整加工的原料。在一些二次加工的装置中，蒸馏过程也是不可或缺的组成部分。 本设计是针对加工量为10 Mt/a炼油厂设计一套常减压蒸馏系统。该常减压系统主要包括一套初馏部分，一套常压塔和一套减压塔，以及加热炉系统。由于处理的是中间基原油，选用燃料型加工方案。 利用初馏塔拔出原油中的轻组分，再与常压塔顶馏出的汽油调和为燃料汽油，从常压塔侧线馏出的煤油、轻柴油、重柴油进入产品罐。减压塔塔顶出的主要是油汽，从减压塔侧线抽出的馏分一般作为催化裂化，加氢裂化的原料，也可以作为润滑油原料。 原油经常减压装置处理过之后，可以得到汽油，煤油，轻柴油，重柴油和燃料油等产品。 关键词： 原油加工； 初馏塔； 常压塔； 减压塔 Abstract The first production unit in the oil refinery are generally atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit, Crude oil can be divided into straight-run gasoline, chemical raw materials, light diesel oil, heavy diesel oil and other fractions by distillation, distillate and other distillates. The so-called primary crude oil processing is crude oil distillation. Generally, crude oil can be split into a variety of semi-finished fractions of crude oil, or raw materials for further reforming process. Moreover, distillation is also an necessary unit in secondary oil processing. The design was about a set of atmospheric and vacuum distillation system for 10Mt / a refinery .The atmospheric and vacuum system included a primary tower, an atmospheric distillation tower and a vacuum tower .The assistant part was heater system. The raw material was intermediate base oil. So the processing scheme of fuel type was selected. The light component from the top of primary tower was mixed with gasoline from the top of atmospheric distillation tower to form fuel oil. Kerosene, light diesel oil and heavy diesel oil were drawn out at side lines from atmospheric distillation tower and then stocked in product tanks respectively. The fractions drawn out from vacuum tower were usually used as raw materials for catalytic cracking and hydrocracking, and also for lubricating oil. So the products gained from crude oil by atmospheric a