天然气价格改革.doc

摘 要 随着不可再生能源的日益枯竭和低碳经济理念的提出，天然气逐渐成为我国越来越重要的基础性清洁能源，如何有效开发和高效利用天然气资源成为人们关注的焦点。由于其自然垄断性，天然气一直是以政府定价为主的。现行的成本加成法定价不能正确反映天然气与其他能源的比价关系，天然气价格普遍低于其替代性能源，导致气荒事件频繁发生。天然气价格改革主要是将其出厂价格以现行的成本加成法定价改为净回值法定价，从而理顺天然气与其他能源的挂钩机制。 本文通过论述天然气价格形成及改革过程中所运用的价格歧视理论，从经济学和国家政策的角度分析天然气实行合理的价格歧视的必要性，同时指出价格歧视有悖于天然气价格市场化的弊端，从消除价格歧视弊端的角度为天然气价格改革提出诸多合理的建议，最后引申到价格歧视对梯形电价改革和石油价格补贴机制的启示。以价格歧视理论为基础，通过理论挖掘和规范分析，为更好地运用市场这只无形的手有效配置能源资源、保证国家能源安全提出经济性的政策性建议。 关键词：天然气价格；形成机制；改革；价格歧视 Abstract With the non-renewable energy resources being depleted and the concept of low-carbon economy being proposed, the natural gas gradually becomes increasingly important basic clean energy. How to exploit and use natural gas resources effectively becomes the focus people concern about. Because of its natural monopoly, the price of natural gas has always been dominated by the government. The current cost-plus method for pricing cannot properly reflect the price relationship between the natural gas and other energy, the price of natural gas is generally lower than alternative sources of energy, leading gas shortage to happen frequently. The purpose of natural gas price reform is to change the current cost-plus method to net back value method for factory pricing, to straighten out the linked mechanism between natural gas and other energy. This article discusses the natural gas price formation and the reform process in the use of price discrimination theory from the point of view in economics and national policies, analyses the necessity to implement reasonable natural gas price discrimination, noting the drawbacks that price discrimination is contrary to the market-oriented price of natural gas. Many reasonable proposals have been suggested from the point of view to eliminate the drawbacks of price discrimination for the natural gas price reform, and finally extended to the revelation of price discrimination to the trapezoidal tariff reform