Introduction to ObjectOriented Programming.pptVIP

Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming Sandy GrahamUniversity of Waterloofor theImperial Oil Summer Institutefor Computer Studies Teachers August 2003 What is O-O? Design, programming, and languages An alternative to procedural programming anything done using O-O can also be done using a procedural paradigm Considering a problem from the perspective of objects and how they interact Skills for O-O Programming Must have a solid understanding of subprograms and parameters stepwise refinement Should understand references/pointers Coding still involves basic concepts selection structures, repetition structures, … O-O vs. Procedural Procedural Paradigm Program defines data and then calls subprogram to act on the data Object Paradigm Program creates objects that encapsulate the data and procedures that operate on the data Basic Concepts Objects Hidden data that is accessed and manipulated through a well-defined interface Classes A template or “blueprint” for creating objects, each with their own data Inheritance A new class created by modification of an existing class Objects Part of a program which models some real or conceptual object has behavioural responsibilities (behaviours) has informational responsibilities (attributes) Behaviours (methods) things an object can “do” like procedures and functions in other languages Attributes (fields) information an object “knows” (has-a) like data and variables in other languages (records) Classes A class is a template. No data is allocated until an object is created from the class. However attributes and behaviours are generically defined The creation (construction) of an object is called instantiation. The created object is often called an instance (or an instance of class X) Analogies for Classes Objects Class blueprint pattern cookie cutter factory Object building garment cookie widget Class Diagram Encapsulation - Real Life Bank machine Hidden data account balance personal information Interface deposit, withdraw,