【物理】管理信息系统.pptVIP

Chapter 6 Systems Concepts 6.2.1 Four Model Types 1) Physical models Three dimensional representation such as a scale model 2) Narrative models Spoken or written 3) Graphic models Abstraction of lines, symbols, or shapes 4) Mathematical models Equation(s) 6.2.2 Uses of Models All four models facilitate understanding and communication. The mathematical model also helps predict the future. 6.3 The General Systems Model Graphic diagram with an accompanying narrative that depicts all organizations in a general way using a systems framework The Physical System Material flow Personnel flow Machine flow Money flow 6.3.2 The Conceptual System Open-loop systems Closed-loop systems (feedback loop) Management control The information processor 图6-7 Information is Gathered from All of the Physical System Elements Conceptual System (cont.) Dimensions of Information Relevancy Accuracy Timeliness Completeness Conceptual System (cont.) Standards Measure of acceptable performance Usually stated in specific terms Used to control physical system Consists of: Management Information processor Standards Objectives Overall goal that a system is to obtain Systems have one or more objectives Conceptual System (cont.) Critical Success Factors (CSFs) A CSF is one of the firm’s activities that has a strong influence on the firm’s ability to meet its objectives Firms have multiple CSFs CSFs focuses attention on a portion of a firm’s activities Conceptual System (cont.) Decision Flow Data is transformed into information by the information processor Manager transforms information into decisions 6.4.1 General Systems Model in Context Helps adjust firm Provides a sense of stability Provides mental picture of what to expect Problems -- Good and Bad Problem solving Suppress harmful effects Capitalize on opportunity for benefit Decision The act of selecting a strategy or action 6.4.4 Elements of Problem Solving Desired state Current state Constraints Internal -- limited resources Environme