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欧美文学导读 Introduction The Pleasure of Reading 欧美（西方）的根在哪里？ Mediterranean 有人将西方文化称为— “两希”文化 希腊 希伯来 两个半苹果 伊甸园的苹果 牛顿的苹果 不和的金苹果 古典文学 Classical Literature “古典”的含义 Classic, Classical, Classicism In the West, classical literature means ancient Greek and Roman literature. Ancient Greek Literature Mythology Epic Tragedy and comedy Lyrics Odes Historical writings Greek Myth Major Sources of Greek Mythology Hesiod Works and Days Theogony Homeric epics Iliad Odyssey Greek Tragedies Ovid Metamorphorses 赫西俄德 《工作与时日》 《神谱》 荷马史诗 《伊利亚特》 《奥德赛》 希腊悲剧 奥维德 《变形记》 Twelve Olympians Zeus Poseidon Hera Demeter Hestia Apollo Artemis Aphrodite Hermes Athena Hephaestus Ares 宙斯 波赛东 赫拉 得墨忒耳 赫斯提娅 阿波罗 阿尔忒弥斯 阿弗萝狄蒂 赫耳墨斯 雅典娜 赫菲斯托斯 阿瑞斯 Greek and Romans Names of Some Deities Zeus Hera Apollo Artemis Athena Aphrodite Ares Hermes Hephaestus Eros Dionysus Jupiter Juno Apollo Diana Minerva Venus Mars Mercury Vulcan Cupid Bacchus Heroes What is hero in Greek myth? What’s the difference between deity and hero? Mount Olympus (2918m) Primordial Deities (前奥林波斯诸神) Chaos Gaia Uranus Titans (Cronus, Rhea...) Olympians (Zeus, Hera…) 卡俄斯 盖亚 乌拉诺斯 提坦（克洛诺斯、瑞娅…） 奥林波斯诸神（宙斯、赫拉…） What are Heroes? Heroes are offspring of deities and human. Heroes are mortal. Heroes are semigods. Some heroes (e.g. Heracles)became immortal after their death. Heroes often interact with deities. Major Greek Heroes Heracles Theseus Perseus Jason Oedipus Achilles Odysseus 赫拉克勒斯 忒修斯 珀耳修斯 伊阿宋 俄狄普斯 阿喀琉斯 奥德修斯 Homeric Epics Iliad 特洛伊之战 不和的金苹果 诱拐海伦 阿伽门农率希腊联军远征；献祭伊菲格涅亚 阿喀琉斯的愤怒 帕特洛克罗斯之死 赫克托耳一家 木马屠城 帕里斯的评判（克劳德·洛兰1600-1682） 帕里斯的评判（鲁本斯1577-1640） Greek Tragedy Tragedy Tragedy (, tragōidia, “the-goat-song”) is a form of art based on human suffering that offers its audience pleasure. Tragedy refers to a specific tradition of drama that has played a unique and important role historically in the self-definition of Western civilization. That tradition has been multiple and discontinuous, yet the term has often been used to invoke a powerful effect of cul