Hopkinson压杆实验研究中的误差分析.pdfVIP

第十一届全国实验力学学术会议 大连 2005 Hopkinson压杆实验研究中的误差分析* 秦卫中， 陈曦， 励争， 苏先樾 （北京大学力学与工程科学系，北京 100871 ） 摘要: 本文通过动态电测实验和光弹性实验，研究了桩基动态测试实验中和 SHPB （Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar ）实验装置的应用中存在的误差问题。考虑了不同加载条件下，对于离 开铝杆杆端不同位置测得的应变随时间变化的情况进行了分析比较。同时通过光弹性实验观 察了应力波在杆件中传播的情况，分析了由于弯曲波的存在对一维应力假设的影响程度。研 究结果表明在偏心撞击或斜轴撞击的情况下，一维应力波理论假设可以在一定程度上近似成 立，但必须考虑由于弯曲波存在引起的误差。此外，随着应力波在铝杆中的传播，能量会有 所耗散，因此在 Hopkinson 压杆实验中必须考虑由此产生的误差。本文提出了减小实验误差 的措施。 关键词: 动态电测；一维应力波； SPHB；弯曲波；光弹性；误差分析。 The Measuring Error for the Apparatus of Hopkinson Pressure Bar Qin Weizhong， Chen Xi ， Li Zheng ， Su Xianyue （Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871 ） Abstract: In this paper, the error problems in dynamic detection tests of piles or applications of SHPB （Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar ）are investigated by using dynamic strain measurements and photoelastic experiments. The variable rules of strains with time with different loading conditions are compared on different positions, which have different distances from the top of an aluminum bar. And serials of photoelastic experiments are also used to observe the propagation of stress waves in a bar. Thus the effects of flexural waves on the applicability of the one-dimensional stress wave assumption are analyzed. The result of this paper shows that, the one-dimensional stress wave assumption is satisfied approximately in a certain degree, but the error caused by the flexural wave can not be neglected when a bar is subjected to an eccentric longitudinal impact or an oblique impact. On the other hand, the energy will dissipates when the stress wave propagating in the aluminum bar, which will cause error in