transcendentalism,nativeamericantheology,andsámi.docVIP

Transcendentalism, Native American Theology, and Sámi Worldview An Interpretive Analysis of the Similarities Between Three Independent Worldviews By Andrew Slaton Introduction: Collective Consciousness 20th century transcendentalism, Native American theology, and the Sámi world-view have many aspects in common with one another. Among other things, they all seem to draw from a collective consciousness that sees the physical world as only one expression of life as we know it. Each takes a passionate stance in the realm of the spiritual and ethereal. However seemingly distinct these philosophies are from one another, they each hold a common thread that undeniably links them to each other through a common bond of mystical spiritualism. Whether they are called religions, worldviews, philosophies, or shamanistic rites, each distinct sub-sect revolves around a greater understanding of our natural world. I will examine each in some detail, as embodied in the works of three of the greatest representatives of each: Henry David Thoreau, the author of Transcendentalism; Bear Heart, a Native American shaman/ medicine man of the modern age; and Nils-Aslak Valkeap??, a contemporary Sámi spiritualist/ artist/ poet (among other things). Spirituality vs. Religion One important concept to consider while interpreting the similarities of these three very distinct sects is the often-overlooked distinction between religion and spirituality. Religion, as described in the American Heritage Dictionary, is (1.a.) a belief in and reverence for a supernatural power or powers regarded as creator or governor of the universe. (b.) A personal or institutionalized system grounded in such a belief. (2.) A cause or activity pursued with zeal or conscientious devotion. In the case of spirituality it states, (1.) relating to or consisting of spirit. (2.) Ecclesiastical; sacred. (3.) The belief that the dead communicate with the living, as through a medium.