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Positive and negative contact and attitudes towards the religious out-group Testing the contact hypothesis in conflict and non-conflict regions of Indonesia and the Philippines.pdf

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Positive and negative contact and attitudes towards the religious out-group Testing the contact hypothesis in conflict and non-conflict regions of Indonesia and the Philippines.pdf

Social Science Research 63 (2017) 95e110 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Social Science Research journal homepage: /locate/ssresearch Positive and negative contact and attitudes towards the religious out-group: Testing the contact hypothesis in con?ict and non-con?ict regions of Indonesia and the Philippines Agnieszka Kanas a, *, Peer Scheepers b, Carl Sterkens c a Department of Sociology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands b Department of Sociology, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands c Department of Empirical Practical Theology, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9103, 6500 HD, Nijmegen, The Netherlands article info Article history: Received 16 September 2015 Received in revised form 9 September 2016 Accepted 29 September 2016 Available online 4 October 2016 Keywords: Intergroup contact Prejudice Violence Religion abstract This study examines the relationship between interreligious contact and negative attitudes towards the religious out-group. It uses unique survey data collected by the authors among Christian and Muslim students in Maluku and Yogyakarta (Indonesia) and Mindanao and Metro Manila (the Philippines). Even after taking self-selection effects into account, interreligious friendships reduce negative attitudes towards the religious out-group. However, casual interreligious contact increases negative out-group attitudes. Also individuals who experienced interreligious violence have more negative out-group attitudes than those without such experience. The experience of interreligious violence has no in?uence on the effect of interreligious friendships but it further deteriorates the relationship between casual interreligious contact and out-group attitudes. Perceived group threat is an important mechanism explaining the effects of both positive and negative interreligious contact. [125]. ? 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction There has