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Recognizing activities in multiple views with fusion of frame judgments.pdf

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Recognizing activities in multiple views with fusion of frame judgments.pdf

Image and Vision Computing 32 (2014) 237–249 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Image and Vision Computing journal homepage: /locate/imavis Recognizing activities in multiple views with fusion of frame judgments☆ Selen Pehlivan a,?, David A. Forsyth b a Department of Computer Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey b Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA article info Article history: Received 16 June 2013 Received in revised form 12 December 2013 Accepted 28 January 2014 Available online 8 February 2014 Keywords: Video analysis Human activity recognition Multiple views Multiple camera abstract This paper focuses on activity recognition when multiple views are available. In the literature, this is often performed using two different approaches. In the ?rst one, the systems build a 3D reconstruction and match that. However, there are practical disadvantages to this methodology since a suf?cient number of overlapping views is needed to reconstruct, and one must calibrate the cameras. A simpler alternative is to match the frames individually. This offers signi?cant advantages in the system architecture (e.g., it is easy to incorporate new features and camera dropouts can be tolerated). In this paper, the second approach is employed and a novel fusion method is proposed. Our fusion method collects the activity labels over frames and cameras, and then fuses activity judgments as the sequence label. It is shown that there is no performance penalty when a straightforward weighted voting scheme is used. In particular, when there are enough overlapping views to generate a volumetric reconstruction, our recognition performance is comparable with that produced by volumetric reconstructions. However, if the overlapping views are not adequate, the performance degrades fairly gracefully, even in cases where test and training views do not overlap. ? 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction There is