Study on the sintering and contact formation process of silver front side metallization pastes for crystalline silicon solar cells.pdfVIP
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Study on the sintering and contact formation process of silver front side metallization pastes for crystalline silicon solar cells.pdf
Applied Surface Science 376 (2016) 52–61
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Applied Surface Science
journal homepage: /locate/apsusc
Study on the sintering and contact formation process of silver front side metallization pastes for crystalline silicon solar cells
Jun Qin ?, Weijun Zhang, Shuxin Bai, Zhuofeng Liu
College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
article info
Article history: Received 28 January 2016 Received in revised form 9 March 2016 Accepted 10 March 2016 Available online 15 March 2016
Keywords: Sintering process Contact formation process Metallization pastes Crystalline silicon solar cells
abstract
In the paper, sintering process and contact formation process of PTO glass containing pastes were studied by interrupting the ?rings at different temperatures. Microstructures of contact ?ngers fabricated using pastes with PTO glass by interrupted ?rings were obtained by FIB/SEM technology and the sintering process of pastes was studied. The sintering process of pastes can be divided into three stages, the initial stage, intermediate stage and ?nal stage, respectively. Only during the initial stage and intermediate stage of sintering, Ag-containing glass-phase is able to ?ow downward to the interface of Ag/Si through the continuous pore channels between Ag particles due to the great densi?cation of Ag in the ?nal stage of sintering. The great disharmony between the ?ow process of glass-phase and Ag densi?cation would cause much glass trapped in densi?ed Ag and thereby non-uniform etching of Si wafers.
Contact formation process of pastes was studied by observing the Ag contact and Si emitter interface. Ag precipitates can be observed in the interfacial glass-phase at low ?ring temperature. Ag crystallites embedded in Si emitter appear at relative high temperature, along with the decreased number of Ag precipitates located in the interfacial glass-phase. Lower viscosity and higher ion
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