When we cannot speak Eye contact disrupts resources available to cognitive control processes during verb generation.pdfVIP
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When we cannot speak Eye contact disrupts resources available to cognitive control processes during verb generation.pdf
Cognition 157 (2016) 352–357
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Cognition
journal homepage: /locate/COGNIT
Brief article
When we cannot speak: Eye contact disrupts resources available to cognitive control processes during verb generation
Shogo Kajimura ?, Michio Nomura
Department of Cognitive Psychology in Education, Graduate School of Education, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
article info
Article history: Received 17 August 2015 Revised 19 September 2016 Accepted 5 October 2016 Available online 15 October 2016
Keywords: Verbal communication Eye contact Verb generation Cognitive control Brain
abstract
Although eye contact and verbal processing appear independent, people frequently avert their eyes from interlocutors during conversation. This suggests that there is interference between these processes. We hypothesized that such interference occurs because both processes share cognitive resources of a domain-general system and explored the in?uence of eye contact on simultaneous verb generation processes (i.e., retrieval and selection). In the present experiment, viewing a movie of faces with eyes directed toward the viewer delayed verbal generation more than a movie of faces with averted eyes; however, this effect was only present when both retrieval and selection demands were high. The results support the hypothesis that eye contact shares domain-general cognitive resource with verb generation. This further indicates that a full understanding of functional and dysfunctional communication must consider the interaction and interference of verbal and non-verbal channels.
ó 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
Face-to-face communication is a complex and important aspect of human behavior. The simultaneous functioning of verbal and non-verbal processes, such as verb generation for nouns (Snyder Munakata, 2008) and eye contact (Senju Johnson, 2009), is essential for face-to-face communication. The dif?culty of this simultaneous functio
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