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翻译样稿 北京华译网翻译公司 Internal Combustion Engine 内燃机 Objective 目标 ? In this topic, we will understand how a four stroke internal combustion engine works. ? 在本课题中，我们将了解四冲程内燃机的工作原理。 Most of the automobiles work on four stroke internal combustion engines. Here, fuel combustion occurs inside the engine, thereby giving its name ‘Internal combustion engine’. It was designed by Nikolaus Otto in 1876 and hence, is also called an Otto engine. 多数汽车使用四冲程发动机。燃料在机器内部燃烧，因此得名“ 内燃机” 。内燃机是由 Nikolaus Otto 在1876 年发明的，因此又被称为奥托发动机。 Construction 构成 A 4-stroke engine mainly consists of: 四冲程发动机主要由以下部分构成： ? Insulated air-tight cylinders with movable piston, which are joined to the crankshaft through connecting rods. ? 带有可移动活塞绝缘密封汽缸，活塞通过连杆与曲轴相连。 ? The intake valves let the fuel-air mixture enter the cylinder. ? 燃料-空气混合物通过进气阀进入汽缸。 ? Spark plug produces spark and ignites the fuel-air mixture and the exhaust valves allow exhaust gases to exit the cylinder. ? 火花塞产生火花并点燃燃料-空气混合物，排气阀将废气排出汽缸。 ? Camshafts control the opening and closing of valves at appropriate times. ? 凸轮轴在适当的时间控制阀门的开启和闭合。 ? Camshafts are connected by timing chain with the crankshaft to maintain synchronization between their motions. And ? 凸轮轴通过定时链与曲轴相连以保持两者间的同步运动。 ? A jacket surrounds the cylinder bank through which cold water is continuously circulated to absorb excess heat produced during combustion. ? 汽缸组外包有一层外壳，冷水能够在汽缸外循环，起到吸收汽缸在燃烧过程中产生的热量的 作用。 Working of an ideal four stroke engine 理想的四冲程发动机的工作原理 The four stroke engine is given its name because every cycle of this engine consists of four strokes, that is, intake stroke, compression stroke, power stroke and exhaust stroke, which keep repeating one after the other. The PV diagram gives us the graph of pressur