英语结构语法之情态动词.ppt

王祖元 英语结构语法之 情态动词 一、结构说明 情态动词的基本用法 情态动词的比较 情态动词+完成时 情态动词的“度” 二、情态动词的基本用法 1.can 和could的用法。 (1)表示惊讶，常用在否定句和疑问句中。 How could you do such a silly thing? (2)cannot...too/enough表示“无论……也不过分； You cant be too careful while driving. (3)表示能力 I can speak English. 2．may和might的用法。 (1)may和might表示“许可”，“可能性”，“祝愿”等意义。 —May I play basketball this afternoon? —No，you may not. (2) “may/might as well＋动词原形”意为“最好，倒不如”。 For environmental reasons，we may as well take these waste products and have them recycled. (3)may作“可以”讲时，其疑问句的否定回答常用 “mustnt/cant”表示“禁止”；must作“必须”讲时，其疑问句的否定回答用“neednt”，表示“不必”。 —May I use your car？我可以用你的车吗？ —No，you mustnt.不，不可以。(委婉的拒绝可用：Sorry，but I am using it now.或Youd better not.等) —Must I work out the problem tonight? 我今晚必须解决这个问题吗？ —No，you neednt.不，你不必。 3．must的用法。 (1)表示禁止(用于否定句)。 “You mustnt smoke in the bedroom，”Rose said to her husband and pushed him out of the room. (2)表示“偏执”，“固执”。 —Could I have a word with you，Mum？ —Oh dear，if you must. 好吧，亲爱的，如果你偏要谈的话。 Must you make so much noise? 你非得弄出这么大的声吗？ 4．shall的用法。 (1)用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方 Shall we begin our class？ Shall the driver wait outside？ (2)用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 I promised he shall get a present for his birthday. 我许诺给他一件生日礼物。 You shall not get my support if you do such a thing. 5．will和would的用法。 (1)表示自愿做或主动提出做什么，如意志、愿望或决心等。would用于过去的情况。 John promised his doctor he would not smoke，and he has never smoked ever since.(北京高考) I have told him again and again to stop smoking，but he will not listen. (2)would 可以表示过去的习惯性动作，比used to正式，但没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。 Last year our English teacher would sometimes tell us stories in English after class. 去年我们的英语老师常常课后给我们讲英语故事。 三、情态动词的比较 (1)can(具备) 和be able to(具体) I can swim. Last night, a fire broke out, but they were able to escape. (2)must(主观)和have to(客观) You must go now. I have to go now, because they are waiting for me. 情态动词的比较 (3)will(意愿)和be going to(打算) I will help you whenever you are in trouble. I was going to your party last Saturday, but I had an unexpected