现代经济学第3章.ppt

相互依存性与贸易的好处 * 未回答的问题 我们关于每个国家生产，贸易，消费的物品数量和国家之间小麦和电脑贸易的价格做了许多假设 在现实世界中，这些数量和价格是被两个国家的消费者的偏好，生产技术以及资源禀赋决定的 我们将在下章开始这些的学习 因为现在我们的目标只是说明贸易怎样使每个人的状况变得更好 0 内容提要 相互依存和贸易可以使每个人都可以享有更多数量和品种的物品与劳务 比较优势意味着能以较小的机会成本生产一种物品，绝对优势意味着能以较少的投入生产一种物品 当人们（或国家之间）能专门生产他们具有比较优势的产品时，经济“蛋糕”会变大，通过贸易也可以使每个人的状况变得更好 * Please ask your students in advance to bring calculators to class. This PowerPoint chapter includes simple in-class exercises which lead students to see for themselves the gains from trade arising from comparative advantage. This PowerPoint chapter covers the same topics as Chapter 3 in the textbook (comparative absolute advantage, the gains from trade), but using a different example and a different approach that is likely to benefit your students. The textbook presents these topics using an example involving two individual producers (the farmer rancher). After the example, the textbook states that its lessons apply to countries as well as individual producers. This PowerPoint presentation takes the opposite approach, illustrating the concepts with an example involving two countries, and then states that that the lessons apply to individuals as well as countries. Seeing the analysis both ways, and seeing a different example in class than in the textbook, will help students better learn these concepts. The example in this PowerPoint chapter builds on the PPF example introduced in the Chapter 2 PowerPoint. (It is not essential to cover the Chapter 2 PowerPoint before this one, though.) This PowerPoint omits “Should Tiger Woods Mow His Own Lawn?” It’s a great example of comparative advantage, but it does not introduce any new concepts, and students can easily understand it on their own. * The lessons illustrated by this international trade example also apply to trade between two individual producers. Note that this chapter in the textbook does the reverse: It develops the lessons in the context of an example involving two individual producers, and then sta