2014届高考英语语法备考：状语从句.docVIP

状语从句 I、时间状语从句 一、when，while和as When既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。如： When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.我住在那里时，星期天常到海滨去。 When the film ended, the people went back. 电影一结束，看电影的人便回去了。 当when引导的时间状语从句为系表结构，而且其主语和主句的主语一致，其表语又是一个名词时，就可以用以as引出的省略句，来代替when引出的从句。As a you man （=When he was a young man），he was fond of hunting。他年轻时，喜欢打猎。 2．While引导的动作必须是持续的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。如： Please don’t talk so loud while others are working 别人在工作时，别高声谈话。 While I was wondering at this, our schoolmaster took his place. 正当我对此不解时，我们校长就座了。 3. as引导一个持续性动作，多用于主句和从句动作同时发生。如： He hurried home, looking behind as he went. 他匆匆忙忙跑回去一边走一边回头望。 John sings as he works 约翰一边工作，一边唱歌。 4. when还可用作并列连词，其意义为“那时，这时”，相当于at this/ that time. 常用于下列句式： Somebody was doing something when… Somebody was about to/ going to do something when… Somebody had just done something when…. 如：We were having a meeting when someone broke in We were about to set off on our way, when it suddenly began to rain. 此外When还表示原因“既然”。如： It was foolish of you to make a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes. while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。 He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music. 6．如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动作的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when, while与as可互换使用。如： When/ While/ As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine. 二、 as soon as, immediately, directly, the moment, the minute, no sooner…than…, hardly/ scarcely…when…, once（一旦。。。就。。。） 这些从属连词引导的从句表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，常译为“一。。。就。。。”。从句中一般时态代替将来时态。如： Once you remember it, you’ll never forget it. The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming. No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left. The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother. ▲注意：No sooner…than, hardly/ scarcely…when…这一结构的时态搭配no sooner与hardly/ scarcely引导的主句谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when的从句中谓语应用一般过去时，此外，当把no sooner和hardly/ scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。 I had hardly got home when it began to rain.→ Hardly had I got home when it began to rain