ETHNOGRAPHY课件.pptVIP

ETHNOGRAPHY Ines Tenter ETHNOGRAPHY Ethnography and its Topics The Rise of Ethnography as a Science Scope and Focus Ethnography and its Significance Communicative Functions Summary Ethnography and its Topics The Rise of Ethnography as a Science The Rise of Ethnography as a ScienceThe Ethnography of Communication(as the field has come to be known) Scope and Focus As with any other science, the Ethnography of Communication has two foci: particularistic: is directed towards the description and understanding of communicative behaviour in specific cultural settings generalizing: is directed towards the formulation of concepts and theories upon which to build a global metatheory of human communication Scope and Focus TOPIC QUESTION: (the subject matter of the Ethnography of Communication is best illustrated by one of ist most general questions) What does a speaker need to know to communicate appropriately within a particular speech community, and how does he or she learn? Such knowledge, together with whatever skills are needed to make use of it, is: Communicative Competence Scope and Focus Language is best understood when the: habits customs institutions philosophy (all the subject-matters embodied in the language) are best known. The student of a language should be a student of the people who speak the language! Scope and Focus Middle of 20th century: “Observed behaviour is regarded as a manifestation of a deeper set of codes and rules, and the task of Ethnography is seen as the discovery and explication of the rules for contextually appropriate behaviour in a community or group.“ In other words: Culture is what the individual needs to know to be a functional member of the community. Scope and Focus Doing Ethnography in other cultures involves first and foremost fieldwork: observing asking questions participation in group activities testing the validity of one`s perception against the intuitions of natives Scope and Focus Reveals