高一英语必修三知识点小结.docVIP

第一单元 1. starve vt.vi. (使)饿死；饥饿；渴望，急需；饿得要死 She is starving herself trying to lose weight. 她为了减肥而忍饥挨饿。 常用结构： starve for渴望得到…… starve to death 饿死 be starved of极需，缺乏 starve sb. into sth./ doing sth.使某人挨饿以迫使其做某事 The plants are starving for water.这些植物极需要水。 They got lost in the desert and starved to death. The engine was starved of petrol and wouldn’t start. starvation n. 挨饿；饿死 2. belief n. 信任；信仰，信心 believe vi.vt. 相信 have belief in sth./sb. 对某物/某人的真实性和正确性所具有的信心 beyond belief 难以置信 in the belief that ... 相信…… It is my belief that ...我相信…… He has great belief in his doctor.他对他的医生无比信赖。 She has lost her belief in God.她已不相信上帝。 3. gain n. 获得；增加；获利，获得物；收益；利润 vt. 得到；获得，赢得，增加，到达； He gained full marks in the examination.他考试得了满分。 The company has made notable gains in productivity. 易混辨析 gain/win/get/earn/acquire gain指在斗争，竞争中做出很大努力而“获得……”，所得到的东西常具有一定价值。 win含有取胜的一方具有优越的特质或条件而能克服各种障碍的意思，意为“赢得”。 get为普通词，有时指不一定需要努力就能“得到”。 earn意为“赚得”，表示经过艰苦努力所得到的报酬。 acquire意为“获得，取得”，一般指通过漫长的过程而逐渐获得。 4. Award vt. 授予，奖给(后多接双宾语，在多数场合下用被动形式be awarded);判定 n.奖，奖品；奖金 Medals were awarded to the best speakers on the debating team(辩论队). He got the highest award in the contest. award/prize/reward award既可作动词也可作名词，指为鼓励在工作中达到或完成所提出的要求或条件的人而进行的奖励，往往强调荣誉而不在乎奖品的大小或奖金的多少。 prize为名词，多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽彩中所赢得的奖。这种奖赏有的凭能力获得，有的凭运气获得。 reward既可作动词也可作名词，指对某人的工作或服务等的报答。也指因帮助警察抓到罪犯或帮助失主找到东西而得到的赏金、酬金。 He won the award for the best student of the year. A prize was given to the person who had the winning number. He received a medal as a reward for his courage. 5. admire vt. 赞美；钦佩；羡慕。其后可接人或物作宾语，但不可以接宾语从句作宾语。 admiration n. 赞美，钦佩；令人赞美的人或物 admirer n. 钦佩者；羡慕者 admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩或羡慕某人 express admiration for sb. 对某人表示钦佩 have great admiration for sb. 十分钦佩某人 in admiration of 表示钦佩 with/in admiration 心怀钦佩地They admired our garden.他们羡慕我们的花园。 I admire him for his success in business. Aren’t you going to admire my new house? 联想拓展 warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事 suspect sb. of sth.怀疑某人某事 accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事 demand answer of sb.要求某人答复 ask a favo